Thursday, January 23, 2020
The Life of Mass Murderer, Henry Lee Lucas Essay -- Biography Biograph
The Life of Mass Murderer, Henry Lee Lucas "Henry Lee Lucas enjoyed holding the title of 'the most infamous man on death row.' His fleeting fame did not evolve from the three cold-blooded murders he did commit, but from hundreds of murders he did not." (Bonnie Bobit) He confessed to hundreds of murders to prove several points, as well as to delay his death sentence. Lucas lived through a childhood of abuse and neglect. If there is a case that proves a person's childhood is reflected in their later actions this could certainly be one. He was never taught that life had any value and perhaps this led him into a life of crime. (killer index) Henry Lee Lucas was born on August 23, 1936, in Blacksburg Virginia. Lucas's mother was an abusive prostitute who forced both her disabled husband and son Henry to watch her performance of sexual acts on strangers. Henry's father was missing both his legs from a accident; he sold pencils on a street corner to earn an income for their family and to feed his alcoholism. Henry came from a large family of eight brothers and sisters, they all lived in a two-room dirt floor cottage. (Killer index) As well as being forced to watch his mother's sexual acts, Henry's mother severely beat him. Henry and one of his brothers were carrying on one day and Henry's eye was stabbed out. It was days before someone took Henry to the doctor. He was in excruciating pain for days. (Bonnie Bobit) One time Henry's mother beat him so hard with a wooden stick that he "lay in a semi-conscious state for three days' before he was taken to the doctor. (Serial killer index) Viola, Henry's mother also used to dress him up in a dress, curl his hair and send him off shoeless to school. She beat him once because he came h... ...//www.amnesty.org/ailib/aipub/1998/AMR/25101098.htm Amnesty International. United States of America: Death Penalty in Texas: Lethal Injustice. March 1998. http://crimemagazine.com/lucas.htm Bobit, Bonnie. Crime magazine an encyclopedia of crime. http://www.detnews.com/1998/nation/9806/26/06270008.htm Holmes, Michael (Associated Press) Texas governor grants death chamber reprieve to confessed serial killer. The Detroit News Friday June 6 1998. http://www.houseofhorrors.com/lucas.htm House of Horrors. Henry Lee Lucas portrait of a serial killer. http://detnews.com/menu/stories/18493.htm Pressley, Sue Anne, Washington Post. Executioner awaits for Henry Lee Lucas, criminal superstar of '80s. Detroit news October 2, 1995 http://www.mayhem.net/Crime/serial1.html Serial Killer Hit list http://www.crass.com/killer/lucas.html Serial Killer index.
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
Man Warms Up The Earth Essay
Abstract Many causes of global warming have been theorized by scientists and researchers for decades. Some say it is caused by natural causes like orbital planetary alignments and geothermal progression of the earth while there are many who contradict by saying that man has brought it upon himself through his constant abuse of the environment. Economical and political principles add up to the confusing problem being focused on. Whatever the causes may truly be, global warming is already causing enough trouble for mankind and everything should be done to stop or slow it down. Man Warms Up The Earth            Global warming is a very sensitive issue in the scientific field. Many scientists and environmentalists are doing their best to create programs for governments and communities to become more aware of human activities that are aggravating the situation. Many people believe that industrialization and other capitalist concerns have to stop or slacken its pace to rehabilitate the damaged environment. There are those, however, who also believe that nature is simply running its usual course and that man does not have any way to stop it.            The debates have grown mostly in favor of those who believe that man causes global warming. A large number of studies have already been released and reported through different media like television, radio, newspapers, scientific journals, magazines, etc. Countries have already tried to address the problem by convening through agreements like the Kyoto Protocol and the Montreal Protocol. Assessments of these activities, however, do not always show that the agreements have been enough to really create change in the damage mankind has been doing to his environment.            These studies, agreements and activities lead to the conclusion that global warming and earth’s destruction is inevitable and coming too fast. It creates a sense of panic for those who would read and listen to the debates being engaged in by scientists and environmentalists. This paper seeks to know the real causes of global warming and to conclude whether man truly gives a great contribution to the issue. What is global warming?            Global warming pertains to the increasing hot temperature within the planet. According to scientific studies, carbon dioxide and methane gases collect in the atmosphere and form a sort of thick blanket that traps the heat within the earth. When heat is trapped, the resulting climate becomes warmer and changes the natural temperature and weather of the planet.            Although global warming seems just a simple change towards hotter temperatures, its effects can be devastating. Warmer temperatures can make glaciers melt which can cause the release of greenhouse gases and unavoidable water shortages in certain areas of the globe. The melting ice can also cause big floods that can drown out many parts of the world.  Warmer sea surfaces can lead to more serious hurricanes. The rising temperature also causes the increase of pests and the diseases that come along with it. The change in temperature can also affect the many habitats of the 30 million other creatures on earth and further their extinction which will upset the ecological balance even more. Man may be the only driving force towards these changes yet these affect the total population of the whole world.            According to different scientists, global warming has two major causes: natural and man-made or anthropogenic. Natural Causes – Theories and Myths?            Global warming, some scientists believe, is a predicament that is inevitable because of the earth’s cycle of climate changes and natural emission of greenhouse gases by living creatures. Evidences have been given to show that these factors are the main cause of the issue.            Climate Change Cycle. Scientists say that the earth changes its climate every thousands of years although there are variations to the number being projected. There are those who believe that the cycle is every 40,000 years but according to the studies made by Tom Scheffelin (2007), a member of the California Air Resources Board, the climate cycles may be within periods of 1,800 years. He argues that based on marine scientist, Otto Pettersson, the relation of the sun with the orbital alignment of the earth and its moon occurs in the suggested period and this causes the alteration of underwater movement which in turn results to a modified ocean temperature change that consequently revises climate. Pettersson’s theory is based on his own review of many studies including Peter Freuchen’s Book of the Seven Seas (2003) which gives concrete observations and evaluations of tidal cycles. This theory was supported by Dr. Charles Keeling, a carbon dioxide scientist, through his research entitled, â€Å"The 1,800-Year Oceanic Tidal Cycle: A Possible Cause of Rapid Climate Change,†which gives many analysis of ice-core and deep-sea sediment-core records regarding the past million years. According to these theories, the planet shall continue to warm up until the year 2350 and may only return to its current state of temperature after around 900 years.            Carbon Dioxide Emissions. Living creatures naturally emit carbon dioxide as a product of breathing in oxygen. Also according to Scheffelin, current carbon dioxide emissions should not be affecting climate change towards global warming as other scientists propose. â€Å"Carbon dioxide levels track temperature changes between 300 to 1,000 years after the temperature has changed. â€Å" (par. 8) This simply means that carbon dioxide responds to normal biological activity and does not create changes in the earth’s climate.            Methane Gas Emissions and the Arctic Tundra. Some scientists believe that the Arctic Tundra’s gradual thawing is a natural phenomenon and should not cause concern. These researchers theorize that the geothermal heat radiating from the core of the earth is causing the oceans to get warmer. While this is happening, the ocean slowly stops absorbing carbon dioxide at its present rate.  This is a cause for concern because the carbon dioxide content of oceans are fifty times greater than the amount in the atmosphere. Therefore, even if only a two percent decrease rate happens, the amount contained by the atmosphere shall double and cause the oceans to increase its hot temperature even more. There are also theories that say that if the shallow Arctic Ocean will get warmer, it shall release more methane gas which will eventually make the atmosphere even warmer. Al Gore, in his book, The Shadow Our Future Throws (2006), explains that this can cause a great acceleration for global warming. When the tundra begins to thaw, methane gases will be emitted to the atmosphere and â€Å"each methane molecule is twenty times more effective as a greenhouse gas than each molecule of carbon dioxide.†(p. 53) Man-Made Causes            Many causes of global warming are currently being attributed to man’s own destruction of his environment. Specific causes include fossil fuel burning, pollution, population, poor knowledge of environmental use and economic policies that threaten our natural resources.            Fossil Fuel Burning. According to scientists, the burning of fossil fuels release carbon dioxide molecules into the air and these form a thick blanket that traps heat within the planet. Fossil fuel is needed for many of the machines and transportation vehicles that man is using for economic development. Without fossil fuel, industries will not be able to flourish and the economies of many countries will fall.            Carbon dioxide is not the only greenhouse gas that attributes to the entrapment of heat within the earth. Fossil fuels, as the name implies, are resources that have to be uncovered from the earth’s layers underground. Digging up fossil fuel not only releases carbon dioxide but also methane, another greenhouse gas. Continual excavation for fuel and the resulting release of greenhouse gases is therefore dangerous. However, digging up these greenhouse gases is only the start of the problem because the conversion of fossil fuel and its use also result to pollution that adds to the growing problem of global warming.            Pollution. Air pollution is one of the greatest concerns of environmentalists. Scientists who support these ecologically concerned groups say that emissions from cars and other vehicles that use fossil fuel are worsening global warming. According to the Natural Resources Defense Council (2007), automobiles are the second largest source of carbon emissions which creates around 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide yearly from the United States alone.            From another part of the planet, Asians have also studied their own contribution to the problem of carbon dioxide emissions. In a study made by Dollaris Suhadi and his colleagues (2005) from the environmental studies faculty of Universiti Putra Malaysia, the photochemical smog in Metropolitan Jakarta is also a major contributor to the problem of air pollution.  According to researchers, photochemical smog is a condition that develops when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOC) are created by the burning of fossil fuel and biomass and are mixed with sunlight to produce dangerous secondary gas pollutants. Ground-level ozone is then produced. The results of the research concludes that smog pollution potential in the location is high because of the increasing traffic emissions of ozone precursors and the meteorological conditions (warm tropic temperature, high solar radiation and calm wind conditions). (p. 118)            Coal burning is also another major contributor to air pollution. This activity is common to many countries because it is a process necessary to get power for the operation of many machinery.  Coal-burning power plants are the largest U.S. source of carbon dioxide pollution  they produce 2.5 billion tons every year. (Natural Resources Defense Council, par. 1)            Ozone Layer. In the 1980s, concern over the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) in chemical production was raised in relation to global warming. According to a report published on In Focus, a newsletter propagated by the Interhemispheric Resource Center and Institute for Policy Studies, CFCs and other chemicals are destroying the ozone layer of the earth. The ozone layer is important because it blocks off enough ultra violet rays of the sun towards the earth. Excessive exposure to the ultra violet rays causes skin cancer. According to the report, ozone layer depletion is masking the problem of global warming because its effect on the stratosphere makes the climate seem cooler than it should. The ozone layer simply aids in deceiving people from knowing the alarming rate at which global warming is rising.            Global warming and ozone depletion are interrelated because the rising temperature of the earth also adds to the content of water vapor in the atmosphere. This traps infrared heat in the parts of the atmosphere nearer the earth that should have been thrown back into outer space via the stratosphere. On the average, the earth as a whole reflects around 30 percent of the total radiation back into space and a change in the amount of water vapor or any other element in the ozone layer can affect the heating or cooling of the atmosphere. (Tillery, 2007, p. 577) When the stratosphere is cooler, the increase in water vapor would have an effect on the increase of ice crystals within the ozone, concentrating on the polar regions wherein the CFCs are bound to stay. The CFCs in the ozone near the polar region will then hasten the depletion of the ozone layer at an even faster rate. Population. The seemingly uncontrollable rise of population is another source of concern that can result to global warming. A research was made by a group of scientists from Canada and Spain, regarding the possibility of humans and domestic animals contributing highly to the problem of rising planetary temperatures. The research was done by using allometric relationships that depict standard metabolic and defecation rates of the human and animal populations based on data that were gotten from the 2002 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations. According to the results, the â€Å"combined direct and indirect metabolic sources, estimated at 3.1 GtC year-1 have increased 7 fold since pre-industrial times and are predicted to continue to rise.†(Praire, et.al., 2007, p. 217). This therefore indicates that carbon emissions from living creatures also have a direct effect on the warming temperatures of the environment and may need to be considered for further studies involving global warming. Another cause for global warming attributed to population growth is the destruction of natural forests being done because of the need for additional housing and income. When the population increases, the need for shelter and urbanization also increases. These result to the need to clear up forests for villages and cities. Trees have to be cut down to make houses and furniture. Raw lands have to be turned into farms to create income from agriculture. This has happened in many countries, especially the Third World nations who are grappling in order to cope up with world economy. Denudation of Forests. Forests are the very basic in the ecological system of balance. This is because much of the carbon dioxide on earth is replaced and converted into oxygen by the many trees and plants in these areas. One of the major concerns of environmentalists is the rampant denudation of forests that could help in the balancing off of the carbon emissions of man. A great example of how forests can actually affect global climate was explained by Al Gore. â€Å"When I was flying over the Amazon rain forest in a small plane, I was struck by what happened immediately after a thunderstorm moved across an area of the forest: as soon as the rain stopped, clouds of moisture began to rise from the trees to form new rain clouds that moved west, driven by the wind, where they provided the water for new rain falling out of new thunderstorms. An interruption of this natural process can have a magnified impact. †¦ And when the overarching canopy of leaves is removed, the sudden warming of the forest floor leads to the release of huge quantities of methane and CO2, as a kind of biochemical â€Å"burning†takes place. (p. 51)            The example mentioned above is merely a depiction of how important forests are to mankind with respect to global warming. The Amazon forest and the ones in Indonesia make up most of the forest reserves of the world. The importance of these forests cannot be undermined according to Franz J. Broswimmer (2002). According to this environmentalist, the top 15 underdeveloped countries who are debtors of international institutions have tripled the rates of forest denudation. This is caused by the race towards international economic survival. Brazil and Indonesia, for example, are some of the heaviest indebted countries who count on their virgin forests for the production of new goods that would earn their nation’s payments to world banks. The deforestation rates of these countries have increased by 82 percent and 245 percent respectively since the 1970s. (p. 89)            The rampant increase of deforestation, without the allotment for planting new trees to replace the old ones, carry great implications in the upset of the natural ecological balance of the earth.            Economic Policies. Governments of different countries have been so focused on getting their numbers right for their Gross National Products but have disregarded the usurpation of natural resources. Many international organizations have convened to help the growth of the underdeveloped or Third World Countries but have consistently ignored the possible consequences of their agreements to the earth itself.            According to a study made by Julius Kenneth Ningu (2006) and his colleagues regarding the effect of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)co, the economic agreements made had a negative effect on the country’s environment.            The research analyzed the activities that happened from 1994 to 2004 since the NAFTA was agreed upon. Before NAFTA, 70 percent of imports were tax free and did not result to an increase in the destruction of the environment. In fact, Mexico established monitoring programs for pollution and had environmental policies being strictly followed. However, the NAFTA forced Mexico into an economic crisis and by the end of the first year, the country’s government had to relax its environmental policies by almost 45 percent. By the year 2002, â€Å"In 2002, the costs of environmental degradation and natural resources depletion amounted to 65,934 million dollars †¦ the expenses made in the same year for protection and reduction of environmental damage generated by production activities reached an amount of 3,473 million dollars.† This means that only 53 percent was recovered from the depletion of the natural resources used. The bulk of the environmental degradation was generated by air pollution due to the industrial factors and automobile emissions which accounted for 79.5 percent but 2.4 percent was alluded to the problem of forest denudation because of the need for timber products. (p. 7) Taxes have been instituted for protection of the environment. However, the damage being done is excessive compared to the gains and the government is hesitant to improve these conditions due to the problem of the economy.            Robert Suzuki, a staunch environmentalist, criticizes the point of view of economists with the disregard for the environment. According to his book, The Suzuki Reader (2003), economists continue to ignore the problems that their policies are making for the environment in lieu of monetary gains. â€Å"†¦global economics is ultimately destructive because it is fatally flawed: it externalizes the natural capital and services that keep us alive while glorifying human inventiveness as if it allows us to escape finite limits and manage our biophysical surroundings; it assumes that endless growth is possible and necessary and represents progress; it does not value long-term social and ecological sustainability; it rejects caring, cooperation, and sharing as irrational while promoting selfishness; and it cannot incorporate the reality of spiritual needs.†(p. 93)            The need for global economists to unite with environmentalists is great if global warming is to be averted or slowed down. Many studies have already been made to point out that economics plays a major role in the activities of mankind that directly affect the destruction of the environment which causes changes in the earth’s climate.            Lack of Education. One of the worst problems that is wreaking havoc on the environment is lack of education. Although many studies have already been made to note that many of human activities are endangering every one’s survival on the planet, many people are still unaware that the lifestyle being promoted by capitalism does so. Most of the educational information being propagated in schools are related to pollution but the increased demand for progress ultimately sets these principles aside. Conclusion            Man’s own industrial progress is making the earth a terrible place to live in – whether these are causing global warming or not. The activities being made in the name of economics is feeding on the natural warming of the earth. Some may say that orbital alignments of the earth, moon and sun give rise to the eventual thawing of the arctic tundra. However, the increased release of methane and carbon dioxides due to pollution is aggravating it. This problem would not have been so serious if man were disciplined enough to put ecological balance upright by replacing the natural resources that has been continually depleted for his need for progress. Global warming is already existent even when scientists debate on its causes. Natural causes are unavoidable and will continue to exist even if man tries to stop them. However, man-made causes are totally in human control. Air pollution and denudation of forests are increasingly adding to the number of problems that global warming is not even part of. Sicknesses like lung cancer and chronic coughs are caused by air pollution. Denudation of forests lead to the deaths of many people because of the landslides and flashfloods it causes. Pestilence and the accompanying illnesses that are produced by it are also because of the rampant deforestation that many governments are ignorantly encouraging for national development.            The issue of global warming is only one among the basic problems that man has to resolve due to undisciplined acts of torturing the environment. Aggravating natural causes to the warming of the earth is still a major reason for concern and capitalism will never be a good excuse for destroying the only planet humans and the other 30 million creatures can live on.  References Broswimmer, F.J. (2002). â€Å"Ecocide and Globalization.†Ecocide: A Short History of the Mass  Extinction of Species. London: Pluto. Gore, A. (2006). The Shadow Our Future Throws. New York: Rodale. Pp. 36 – 55. Natural Resources Defense Council. (2007). Issues: Global Warming. Retrieved March 3, 2008,            from http://www.nrdc.org/globalWarming/f101.asp Ningu, J.K., Jacome, J.T., Silva Gomez, S.E. and Aviles, R.P. (2006). The Effects of North            America Free Trade Agreement on Mexican Environmental Policy (1994-2004).            American Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol. 2(1). Pp. 5-8. Praire, Y.T. and Duarte, C.M. (2007). Direct and Indirect Metabolic CO2 Release by Humanity.            Biogeosciences, Vol. 4, pp. 215 – 217. Scheffelin, T. (2007). Global Warming Causes Carbon Dioxide – Erroneous Scientific            Consensus Stifles Progress. Design News. Retrieved March 3, 2008, from            http://www.designnews.com/article/CA6493634.html Suhadi, D.R. Awang, M., Hassan, M.N., Abdullah, R. and Muda, A.H. (2005). Review of            Photochemical Smog Pollution in Jakarta Metropolitan, Indonesia. American Journal of            Environmental Sciences, 1(2), p. 110 – 118. Suzuki, D. (2003). Hubris of Global Economics, Economics and Politics. The Suzuki Reader.            Vancouver:Greystone. Tillery, B. (2007). Physical Science. New York: McGraw-Hill. Annotated Bibliography Broswimmer, F.J. (2002). â€Å"Ecocide and Globalization.†Ecocide: A Short History of the Mass  Extinction of Species. London: Pluto. The book is about how global economy is actually hastening the depletion of the earth’s natural resources. The author believes that a thriving global economy is not the most important thing that should concern mankind. It is the opinion of the writer that the environment should be the priority because it is our primary source for survival. Gore, A. (2006). The Shadow Our Future Throws. New York: Rodale. Pp. 36 – 55. This book is about how mankind’s activities are affecting the environment. It uses specific examples experienced by the author to show the importance of ecological balance. It also gives theories like the â€Å"feedback†loop to show how each activity (man-made or natural) has interrelated effects on life and habitat. Natural Resources Defense Council. (2007). Issues: Global Warming. Retrieved March 3, 2008,            from http://www.nrdc.org/globalWarming/f101.asp The article is meant to make people understand the basic information about global warming. It includes statistics and explanations on the causes and effects of global warming. It also ventures to suggest that the U.S. government has the ability to impose change on the world when it comes to ecological concerns because it is the top-most contributor to the damage of the habitat. Ningu, J.K., Jacome, J.T., Silva Gomez, S.E. and Aviles, R.P. (2006). The Effects of North            America Free Trade Agreement on Mexican Environmental Policy (1994-2004).            American Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol. 2(1). Pp. 5-8. This research is about the negative effects of Mexico’s economic policies on the environment. It sought to discover how much damage has been caused in lieu of progress. The research criticized that the Mexican government has to double its initiative in caring for the environment but is constrained by the need to uphold economic principles. Praire, Y.T. and Duarte, C.M. (2007). Direct and Indirect Metabolic CO2 Release by Humanity.            Biogeosciences, Vol. 4, pp. 215 – 217. This research tried to analyze the difference between the natural carbon dioxide emissions of humans and animals in the pre-industrial era to the current situation. The researchers made use of recognized international organizational statistics to show the difference. Scheffelin, T. (2007). Global Warming Causes Carbon Dioxide – Erroneous Scientific            Consensus Stifles Progress. Design News. Retrieved March 3, 2008, from            http://www.designnews.com/article/CA6493634.html This article is made to show how environmentalists and scientists are creating panic over a natural phenomenon such as global warming. The article reveals studies made by other scientists who believe that the earth is merely undergoing a climate cycle that has been in place due to natural causes. The article sought to contradict other scientists and criticized that people are being made to panic when there is nothing that can be done anyway. Suhadi, D.R. Awang, M., Hassan, M.N., Abdullah, R. and Muda, A.H. (2005). Review of            Photochemical Smog Pollution in Jakarta Metropolitan, Indonesia. American Journal of            Environmental Sciences, 1(2), p. 110 – 118. The research is about how ground-ozone is created in Jakarta and its effect on smog pollution levels. The research shows that the major contributor for smog pollution is the automobile use. It also showed that weather or climate conditions can intensify the rate of smog pollution. Suzuki, D. (2003). Hubris of Global Economics, Economics and Politics. The Suzuki Reader.            Vancouver:Greystone. This book is a compilation of many articles written by the author regarding the effect of global economy and politics on the environment. It cites many instances wherein the government policies for economic progress have harmed man’s habitat. It also seeks to find economists who should help in the environmental cause because the author believes that the economy is actually based on its natural resources that could be depleted if not taken care of properly.
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
Plagiarism Essay - 957 Words
Intro Plagiarism definition Differences from personal/ outside sources Documentation (MLA/APA) Conclusion What is Plagiarism? One of the biggest issues that will come up when students write papers, is plagiarism. It is getting harder for students to avoid plagiarism. When a student plagiarizes, it can greatly affect them in a number of ways. The intention of this paper is to discuss what plagiarism is, how to give the proper documentation, and what to use when citing a source. Plagiarism is defined as taking somebody’s work and using it as your own work (â€Å"What is Plagiarism†). A variety of things can be plagiarized; they can range from papers all the way to people’s ideas. The most common thing that is plagiarized, would be†¦show more content†¦Jim Carnett has the first-hand experience with this happening, â€Å"I lifted a portion of one of my columns and inserted it in the Daily Pilot piece without attribution. The best way to avoid having personal ideas confused with outside sources is to look and see if there has been any form of documentation of the idea. If there is documentation of said idea out there, then that would count as an outside source and you need to provide documentation for it. There can be coincidences, however, where two different parties have the same idea and you can’t tell whether or not it is a case of plagiarism. This is the case between the authors of Bucky’s 9th and The Art of Fi elding. The two books share a very similar plot, that 3rd parties can’t tell whether or not it is plagiarism. The easiest way to solve this issue would be by having both authors provide the manuscripts for their respective books of when they started writing them (Fallon). Perhaps one of the simplest ways to avoid plagiarism is to provide documentation of where you got your information from. In an article in The Washington Post, Sandra Miller wrote about how she saw her son skimming websites and not providing a source as to where he got his information. If her son was to write the paper without giving any form of documentation, that would count as plagiarism. A piece of advice that Miller wrote was, â€Å"WhenShow MoreRelated Plagiarism Essay1731 Words  | 7 PagesPlagiarism missing works cited Plagiarism is a distinguished sounding word. One would almost think that it sounds like some lofty philosophical ideal named for the great Greek teacher Plagiarus, something to be aspired to. This is not so. Plagiarism is in fact a moral misdemeanor, and an academic felony. By definition, plagiarism is a piece of writing that has been copied from someone else and is presented as being your own work. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle would have frowned on such a practiceRead MorePlagiarism Essay1649 Words  | 7 PagesI think there was far more plagiarism in the last century. 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Whether they were looking at anotherRead More Plagiarism On The Increase Essay1236 Words  | 5 Pages Plagiarism seems to be an increasing problem in todays society, especially on college and university campuses, with the immense resources presently available to people. Previously, individuals were restricted to finding information in resources such as books, magazines, journals, encyclopedias and newspapers, but with the technology and the growth and popularity of the Internet, plagiarism has truly become an issue. There seems to be a direct correlation with the increasing use of the InternetRead MoreOvercoming Plagiarism Essay1247 Words  | 5 Pages Plagiarism is an ever-increasing problem throughout the world today, as the internet, along with technology such as Iphones and Tablets, has made accessing another person’s useful work as easy as typing a few words into a search bar. Pirating that work is then a simple matter of â€Å"cutting and pasting†. 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Different sources of plagiarizing included copying texts from the library and buying old papers off of other students. There were not many resources to choose from where a student’s topic was contained. That has now changed. There is a little thing called the Internet. It has revolutionized the plagiarism world and made it a little more difficultRead MoreEssay On Plagiarism1754 Words  | 8 PagesPlagiarism Many people plagiarize their papers without meaning to. What exactly is plagiarism? Plagiarism is using someone else’s thoughts and ideas as your own and not properly citing them--or not giving the original author credit at all. In this case, we are going to focus on research papers. How do you write a research paper and if you have to use specific sources, how do you properly cite them? In this research paper, I will discuss the following: What is plagiarism? How do you avoid it? HowRead MoreEssay on The Internet and Plagiarism1042 Words  | 5 PagesThe Internet and Plagiarism The World Wide Web is larger than any one person can imagine. There are an infinite amount of links to libraries and other sources of information. There are numerous search engines, such as Yahoo, which make researching really easy. We can find anything that we want on line, because there are no boundaries to our explorations, and there are no laws to stop us. You can find anything from socks to guns. People can even find completed research papers online; theyRead More Plagiarism Essay1189 Words  | 5 PagesPlagiarism For many, many years schools have been trying to stop students from plagiarizing materials. Detecting this plagiarism used to be easy because students only had access to books in the library, magazines, and encyclopedias. However, as the popularity of the Internet increased, so did the number of essays and papers being plagiarized. Students can easily go onto the internet and in no time at all find and essay on their topic of choice. For a certain fee they can buy the essay and
Monday, December 30, 2019
The Prayer On Public Schools - 1240 Words
For much of the 20th Century and into the 21st, school prayer has been the focal point of an ongoing debate about the position of religion in American civilization. The question of the legality of prayer in public schools brings together a number of important notions in American government and legal philosophy. Opponents and proponents of school prayer set forth their arguments in such major constitutional issues as the separation of church and state, the right to free exercise of religion, and the respective powers of local, state, and national governments. Since hearing its first case on the issue in 1962, the United States Supreme Court has passed down at least one verdict dealing with school prayer in each consecutive decade. In result, this makes school prayer a durable and highly momentous topic in the fields of education and law. In the United States, there is a constant between people being able to pray in public or not. For the supporters of public prayer, the constitution supports their freedom of religion to be able to uplift prayers whenever they wish. For the ones who oppose public prayer, the constitution states the separation of church and state. The United States has had a moral decline since prayers were taken out of our schools. Until the early 20th Century, prayer was an accepted feature of public education. During the 18th and 19th centuries, America continued a de facto Christian homeland, and public school curriculum imitated this fact. The modern,Show MoreRelatedPrayer in Public Schools656 Words  | 3 PagesThe United States was built on prayer. Prayer or religion is on our currency in the many halls of our justice and federal buildings so no matter where we go, we cannot escape prayer. Our founding fathers did not exclude the bible in building our nation and educating our future and there will be no expectation. No matter what there will be prayer no matter where you are. Some people just don’t believe in God that’s why some don’t want prayer in public school. Though each of the clauses are originallyRead MorePrayer in the Public Schools1111 Words  | 5 PagesPrayer in the Public Schools Diana Brown Everest Online Composition 1-226 ABSTRACT This essay is composed of facts supporting that prayer in Public Schools would be beneficial for the children and the United States of America. Prayer is an address to God or a god in word or thoughts. The Anti- Defamation League states that, â€Å"A moment of silence will inevitably be unconstitutional or the purpose and effect of such moments of silence are invariably to advance religion. The U.S. Supreme CourtRead MorePrayer in Public Schools894 Words  | 4 Pages Should prayer be allowed in public schools? This is a question with a highly controversial answer. There are many different angles to this question with varying ideas and opinions that never seem to agree with one another. The issue of prayer in public schools has, and will continue to be, at the center of many controversial debates. Just consider the fact that public educational system in United States is a secular or non-religious one that is quick to shut down any religious actions. This isRead MorePrayer On Public Schools : The Public School System1032 Words  | 5 PagesAllow Prayer in Public Schools The public school system should allow students, all across the United States of America, to express themselves freely whenever they would like. Most Americans support the idea of allowing students to pray during school. In the year 2001, 66% of Americans voted that they favor the idea of prayer during school; however, 34% opposed the idea of praying during school. In the year 2014, 61% of Americans voted that they support the idea of praying during school; howeverRead MoreThe Prayer Of A Public School768 Words  | 4 PagesMany people in Southern Missouri believe that we need to have more religion in schools. â€Å"Keep Christ in Christmas,†â€Å"One nation under God,†and post the Ten Commandments on every wall in public buildings. This is an easy rallying cry because most people in rural Southwest Missouri share the same Christian beliefs. There is a place for these types of soapboxes. That place is called church. Schools are designed to prepare students for the college and career. Churches are designed to prepare congregationsRead MoreEssay on Prayer in Public Schools1051 Words  | 5 PagesPrayer in Public Schools An issue that has been constantly debated for years is whether voluntary prayer in public schools should be permitted. A student should be allowed to pray voluntarily at the beginning of each school day based on many reasons. Prayer based on moral beliefs reinforce good citizenship as defined by our forefathers. A daily reminder of a need for the belief of good over evil is a necessary part of this society. Daily voluntary school prayer should be re-instated in publicRead More No Prayer in Public Schools Essay746 Words  | 3 PagesNo Prayer in Public Schools Chapter three of Civil Liberties: Opposing Viewpoints inspired me to research today’s issues of school prayer. To understand how we got to where we are today, I first delved into our countries history of court cases pertaining to rulings on prayer in schools. Lastly, to update my audience on how our lives are being affected today, I directed my efforts toward finding current situations. By analyzing these situations, I gained knowledge for a better understanding ofRead MorePrayer in Public Schools Essay1440 Words  | 6 Pagestype of school students attend, organized prayer is mandatory, allowed, or banned. In the United States, organized prayer in public schools is prohibited because it goes against the Constitution’s separation of church and state (Jinkins 123). The United States promises religious freedom, but is yet to define the degree and limitation of that liberty. However, American citizens have been debating for many years, whether organized prayer should be an option or obligation in public schools. Some peopleRead More Prayer in Public School Essay3032 Words  | 13 Pagesthere is a way to express ones deepest thoughts and feelings--prayer. Prayer is something that most people due naturally. Whether it is in the morning before you start your day, before a meal, before you go to sleep, or when you just feel the need to express your feelings, prayer is always there. Religious faiths believe that this is central to human life. Even those who are not religious pray. Prayer affects the material universe. Prayer can be defined as an earnest request; a humble entreaty addressedRead More No Prayer in the Public Schools Essay3232 Words  | 13 Pages    Over the past three decades, the issue of the role of prayer in the public school system has become increasingly controversial. The current debate juggles the opposing interpretations of the exact intentions of Americas Founders, who came from an other country, England, in pursuite of expanded freedoms. The first colonists in the 17th century especially desired religious freedom, because their former British government forced them all to learn and practice a centralized religion. Consequently
Saturday, December 21, 2019
Economic Theories and Theorists Essay - 1212 Words
1. Response of socialism to Classical liberalism: Classical liberalism is an ideology that embraces the principles of individualism such as rule of law, individual rights and freedoms, private property, economic freedom, self-interest, competition. Classical liberalism stresses the importance of human rationality. Just as it values, political freedom, classical liberalism also holds freedom to be the basic standard in economics, and believes the most beneficial economic system to be the free market. Whereas, the term socialism, when generally used refers to any ideology that believes that resources should be controlled by the public for the benefit of everyone in society and not by private interests for the benefit of private owners and†¦show more content†¦This began to change in the 1960s and 1970s, and Hayeks theories gradually started becoming more and more widely accepted. Most of Hayek’s work from the 1920s through the 1930s was in the Austrian theory of business cycles and capital and monetary theory. Hayek saw, that the price system did a remarkable job of co-coordinating peoples actions, even though that co-ordination was not part of anyone’s intent. Hayek believed that the market was unplanned and was not designed by anyone. However, it did evolve slowly as a result of human actions. Nevertheless, no market works perfectly causing booms and busts throughout the market. The Boom and Bust Cycles: In Hayek’s opinion one cause for the cause of the booms and bust in a free-market economy, was an increase in the supply of money created by the central bank. Such increases caused an in prices and production, driving down interest rates, making credit artificially cheap. Causing businessmen to make capital investments that they would not have made if they had understood that they were getting distorted price signals from the credit market. However, capital investments are not homogeneous (all alike). Proving that long-term investments are more sensitive to interest rates than short-term ones, just as long-term bonds are more interest sensitive than treasury bills. Therefore, Hayek concluded that artificially low interest rates not only cause investment to be artificiallyShow MoreRelatedThe Marxist Theory Is The Political And Economic Theories Influenced By German Theorists852 Words  | 4 PagesThe Marxist theory is the political and economic theories originated by German theorists: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Marx was born in Germany in 1818 and studied philosophy and law. He was among many the most important authors of sociology and was best known as the â€Å"father of Marxism†(McIntyre, 21). Along with Friedrich Engels, he wrote and published The Communist Manifesto. This document helped shape the revolutions that reconstructed much of the world with over the course of the next centuryRead MoreClassical Economics And Keynesian Economics1124 Words  | 5 PagesClassical Economics and Keynesian Economics has given me the opportunity to form an opinion on this greatly debated topic in economics. After researching this topic in great lengths, I have determined the Keynesian Economics far exceeds greatness for America compared to that of Classical Economics. I will begin my paper by first addressing my understanding of both economic theories, I will then compare and contrast both theories, and end my paper with my opinions on why I bel ieve Keynesian Economics isRead MoreTheory And All Essential Elements863 Words  | 4 PagesIn order to analyze and understand a theory, one must approach it in a scientific manner by utilizing the five-step scientific method to outline the theory and all essential elements. The five-step (5) scientific method is as follows: (1) ask a question, (2) conduct research, (3) form a hypothesis, (4) test the hypothesis using experiments, and (5) draw a conclusion. The primary question that is asked in conflict theory is, who is causing the crime and what behaviors contribute to the crime inRead MoreEssay on Social Theorists1569 Words  | 7 Pages Classical Social Theorists When trying to compare three social theorists to each other, you must first try to understand the intricacies that are entangled within each theory itself. Theorists, by nature, create theories that can be debated from all angles but must be a tight fit in order to be considered applicable to society. Theology as a single entity is constructed from deep intellectual thought. When social theorist begin to develop there theoretical perspectives, they seem to have an overwhelmingRead MoreCommodity School1154 Words  | 5 PagesMarketing Theory Commodity School 01.11.2012 [Åžirket adÄ ±nÄ ± yazÄ ±n] Bahcesehir University, MA Marketing What is commodity school and what are strengths and weaknesses of that thought? Marketing theory has been discussed over years. Many theorists had tried to explain marketing thought since it was a separate field apart from economics. In order to indicate progress of the theory; Sheth, Gardner and Garret in the book of Marketing Theory Evolution and Evaluation compiled all schools of marketingRead MoreKarl Marx And The Communist Manifesto Essay1691 Words  | 7 Pagesthe Marxist Theory. Both men were philosophers, however were referred to as revolutionaries. ‘The Communist Manifesto’, was written collaboratively by both Marx and Engels, as they explored the argument that â€Å"history and progress can be seen dialectically as societies shift from one mode of production to another†. This will be argued through a contextual account of Marxism, its development, critiques, and both the dependency theory and critical theory. Marx closely analysed the economic interactionsRead MoreEconomics Essay1090 Words  | 5 PagesEconomics is an ever-changing field of study. Within that area of interest, there are many people who have influenced the world with their individual economic point of view. Some of those people have made a fundamental impact upon not only the United States of America, but also upon the world. Adam Smith, David Ricardo, John Maynard Keynes, Friedrich Von Hayek, Milton Friedman, and Fengbo Zhang are six men who have accomplished just that. Their opinions, actions, and words have forever changed theRead MoreDo You Agree with Conflict Theory1126 Words  | 5 Pagesversus someone who is poor. This is what we call Conflict theory. How conflict theory is applied to our everyday lives can be seen through many different ideas brought about by these conflict theorists. Whether or not I agree or disagree with this theory, will be determined by the factors and situations that conflict theory has to show. Karl Marx, a philosopher, journalist, and revolutionary socialist, is considered the father of conflict theory. He pointed out the continuous competition for power betweenRead MoreSocial Class And The Self1502 Words  | 7 Pagesand referenced studies and whether is it still a useful tool in understanding the relationship between the social class and the self. I will do this by examining the theories of social class and examining them against Bourdieu’s work. The two main theorists on the idea of social class are Karl Marx and Max Weber. Marx based his theory on the idea that there are only two social classes, the bourgeoisie and proletariat. The bourgeoisie being the capitalist upper classes such as factory and businessRead MoreThe Critical Theory Reading Reminds Me Of The Idea Of Frankenstein s Monster1417 Words  | 6 PagesSociological Theory INTRODUCTION The critical theory reading reminds me of the idea of Frankenstein’s monster . This idea describes any process that sets up to destroy itself. It helps us to appreciate the links in the building blocks of any process and how those links create weaknesses that unravel the same process. As it relates to critical theory, we will see quite clearly how the theory builds up and eventually collapse as we study its evolution. I am attracted to critical theory first of all
Friday, December 13, 2019
Religion in Ancient China Free Essays
The earliest information found about religion in ancient China is during the Shang Dynasty and so religion in the Xia dynasty remains unknown. Religious beliefs and rituals were prominent during the Shang Dynasty. The most significant deity was Shang Ti, Ti meaning ‘Deity Above’ or the ‘Lord on High’. We will write a custom essay sample on Religion in Ancient China or any similar topic only for you Order Now He ruled as a supreme god over all the other gods and spirits. The gods and spirits were believed to symbolize objects found in nature; the sun, the moon, the wind, the rain, everything from mountains and rivers to the stars in the night sky. Ti is believed to have punished those who disobeyed or offended him and rewarded those who pleased him. It is said that Ti formed a noble court in heaven consisting of all deceased worthy ancestors. The Chinese’s belief in family harmony was associated to belief in the afterlife. The ancestors who were considered commendable served Ti, helping him govern the world. Ancestors were also worshipped and were said to act a mediators between the gods and humankind. It was thought that if ancestors were appropriately honoured, respected, and provided for, they would promote the family’s prosperity. A favour or grievance to a member of the family was considered a favour or grievance to the ancestors; consequently, people were reluctant to offense or harm descendants of a powerful family. It was believed that in the afterlife they would live in a celestial court in many ways similar to their earthly courts. Each Chinese family was expected to have an ancestral shrine in the centre of their home to honour and venerate their ancestors. Sacrifice to the gods and the ancestors were also a major part of the Shang religion. When a ruler died, slaves and officials were sacrificed with them in order to guarantee that their afterlife would be the same or similar as their life on earth. People were also sacrificed in smaller numbers when significant events, such as the founding of a palace or temple, took place. Along with their deceased ancestors, the Chinese had people on earth who acted as mediators between the celestials and the human race. Priests were among these intermediates and were responsible for a number of tasks including reading prayers and overseeing sacrifices and funerals. An augur is another type of mediator, responsible for asking gods questions on behalf of humans using various practices of foretelling to unearth the answers. The use of oracle bones was the most notable form of divination. The augur would ask the question, punching holes into the bone, usually the shoulder-bone from an ox, and in some cases the shell of a tortoise. The bone would then be held over a fire, until cracks appeared. These cracks would be made more evident by rubbing ink over the bone. The augur could now read the cracks and determine the answer of the god. Records of the questions and answers of readings were engraved on the bone. Questions on these oracle bones included issues of weather, warfare, agriculture, hunting, childbirth, and sacrifice. In reflection with their agricultural nature, the ancient Chinese use to honour the local deities of soil in order to increase the fertility of earth and to promote the growth of crops. Over time, this practice of earth worship began to dwindle and the veneration of Heaven increased. Divination was considered the only way to determine the requests and future actions of the ruler of Heaven who was also seen as a kind of ancestral figure. The Chinese were animistic and so believed that nature had many spirits. Good spirits, referred to as shen, and bad spirits, referred to as gui, were both thought to dwell in Heaven and Earth. The sun and the rooster were believed to have authority over the gui. This concept of shen and gui later influenced the formation of the yin and yang concept. The people of ancient China believed that there were two contrasting forces abiding in everything in nature; that is yin and yang. This concept was thought to be formed with the influence of the shen and gui concept from earlier ancient China. Yin is characterized as slow, soft, yielding, diffuse, cold, wet, or tranquil; and is associated with water, earth, the moon, femininity and nighttime. Yang, on the other hand, is fast, hard, solid, focused, hot, dry, or aggressive; and is associated with fire, sky, the sun, masculinity and daytime. During the time of the Eastern Zhou, religion in China underwent an evolution. The early gods were forgotten and replaced with ideologies that worked as both philosophies and religions. A phenomenon called the ‘Contention of a Hundred Schools of Thought’ took place in ancient China. Schools and philosophers flourished around this time and it was dubbed an era of great cultural and intellectual expansion in China. The four most prominent schools of thought that evolved during this epoch were Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, and Legalism. Confucius was born 551 BC and grew up to become one of the most influential philosophers in Chinese history. Confucianism is a composite philosophy of moral, social, political, philosophical, and quasi-religious thought. He built his philosophy around five virtues: compassion, morality, decorum, wisdom and honesty. Compassion was considered the cornerstone, symbolizing loyalty, filial piety, patience and benevolence. He also believed that everyone should be in harmony with one another and establish a society ruled by standard etiquette and conduct. A legendary philosopher by the name of Laozi is believed to have established the religious philosophy of Taoism. The ‘forces of nature’ is the central belief behind the concept of Tao, which is literally translated as â€Å"the path†or â€Å"the way. †Taoism is in many ways the contrary of Confucianism, focusing on the individual within the natural realm rather than the individual within society. It also focuses on the affiliation between humanity and the cosmos, vigour and long life, and wu wei, that is action through inaction, which is said to create harmony with the Universe. Mo Di or Mozi was another Chinese philosopher form the Eastern Zhou period. He was strongly opposed to the teachings of Confucianism and Taoism. Mohism was based on the idea of universal love, ‘everyone is equal before heaven’. Mozi believed that everyone should practice communal love in order to create a heaven on earth. He also believed that an individual’s perception should be the basis of human cognition and not imagination or logic. Mozi advocated abstinence, and therefore opposed music, regarding it as excessive and a waste of resources which could instead be used to help those in need of basic necessities such as food, water and shelter. He even opposed elaborate funerals also regarding it as a waste of money which could be used in more useful matters. He also advocated pacifism thus disapproving of offensive war, only accepting aggressive action to defend the weak. Legalism, while the term itself was invented in the Han dynasty, was one of the major doctrines followed during the Contention of a Hundred Schools of Thought. It was established by Han Feizi and Li Si and theorizes that the human race is evil and in order to prevent this evil causing chaos, laws need to be put in place. Legalism wasn’t concerned with the nature or purpose of life, not even the welfare of the public; rather it sought the states prosperity and military aptitude. Out of these four philosophies, only Confucianism and Taoism are considered religions by scholars, as only they contain spiritual elements. Confucianism and Taoism both became part of what is now known as The Three Doctrine. Buddhism is the third doctrine however it was imported from India and flourished during Imperial China. How to cite Religion in Ancient China, Essay examples
Thursday, December 5, 2019
Business Sustainability Report for Manton Property-Free-Samples
Question: You are a CSR consultant and you have been asked to write a 1,000 word Business Sustainability Report for Manton Property Development in which you make recommendations on how to improve the sustainable practices of the company. Answer: Introduction Manton Property Development Company is a real estate company based in Brisbane, Qld Australia. The company is in the process of re-aligning its business operations in order to respond better to the current market dynamics and demands in property development sector. The property development market has undergone tremendous changes especially in regards to sustainable buildings and the company has taken decision to incorporate these technologies in all our future property developments. (Tang, 2014) To achieve this goal the company should focus on the following objectives: Conduct extensive research in sustainability building technologies especially on Water and energy efficiency. Ensure that the greater public is aware of what the company is doing in regard to sustainable technologies so that its corporate image can improve to the desired level. The project dabbed The Sunshine Development should be given out on best offer in the market in order to attract markets attention towards the company future property development. Improved CSR for the company is likely to boost the company competitiveness in the market given that the population or the market at the moment is very conscious about matters sustainability and/or green economy. (EMANUWA, 2017) Conclusion In conclusion it is imperative that the company improves its corporate image in the market as stated in the above mentioned objectives. In order to achieve its objectives the following recommendations are given; The research to be conducted on the two technologies should be done continuous basis so that the company does not have to take time reviewing all the technologies together at one time as this is likely to make the company rash through the items thus missing out on a technology which may have given them an edge in the market. The company should use activations and sites visits to publicize the Sunshine project as this is one of the best ways to convince the market about what the company is doing in terms of new projects. References EMANUWA, J. (2017).PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT. [S.l.]: LULU COM. Tang, S. (2014).Modern construction project management. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press
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